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sample swift wkwebview javascript bridge and scheme

License Swift 4

WKWebview로 javascirpt bridge 방식과 url을 scheme 하는 방식을 셈플링했습니다.

★ 웹(프론트) → 네이티브
예전에는 UIWebView에서 연동시 기존에는 URL에 스키마를 정의해서 내려받은 스킴정보를 이용해서 파싱해서 처리했었습니다.
WKWebView에서는 추가적으로 javascript bridge를 사용해서 편하게 로직 처리를 할 수 있는 방법이 있습니다. 

★ 네이티브 → 웹(프론트)
웹(프론트) → 네이티브 로 전달방식은 추가된 방식이 있지만, 
네이티브 → 웹(프론트) 로 전달/처리 방식은 기존에 자바스크립트 함수를 호출하던 1가지(evaluatejavascript) 그대로 입니다.

아래는 그 기능들에 대한 셈플링을 해봤습니다.

설명

결과 이미지 (GIF)

1. javascirpt bridge 방식

브릿지 연결을 이용한 것과 정의된 url의 스킴을 이용한 웹에서 네이티브로 콜백을 주는 구분이 있습니다.

  • 테스트를 위한 HTML 파일 : sampleBridge.html 
    <html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
   // alert(1)

    function callNative01() {
       try {
           webkit.messageHandlers.callbackHandler.postMessage("testValue");
       } catch(error) {
           alert(error)
       }
    }

    function callNative02() {
        try {
            webkit.messageHandlers.callbackHandler.postMessage({key01:'testValue01', key02:'testValue02'});
        } catch(error) {
            alert(error)
        }
    }

    function test01() {
       alert('test01');
    }

    function testCallBack(message) {
        alert(message);
    }
</script>
<body>
    <h1> <a href="javascript:test01();">Test Click</a> </h1> <br /><br />
    <h1> <a href="javascript:callNative01();">CallNative 01 Click</a> </h1> <br /><br />
    <h1> <a href="javascript:callNative02();">CallNative 02 Click</a> </h1> <br /><br />
<h1> This is a sample file created to test a simple "WebView".<br /></h1>
<h1> Modify this file to test the "WebView" content.<br /></h1>
</body>
</html>
  • swift code 처리 부분 : WebViewBridgeViewController.swift ← 자세한것은 클릭해서 코드를 보세요. 
    .. (중략).. 

private struct Constants {
    static let callBackHandlerKey = "callbackHandler"
}

.. (중략).. 

func setupView() {
    // Bridge Setting
    let userController: WKUserContentController = WKUserContentController()
    let userScript: WKUserScript = WKUserScript(source: "test01()", injectionTime: WKUserScriptInjectionTime.atDocumentEnd, forMainFrameOnly: true)
    userController.addUserScript(userScript)
    
    userController.add(self, name: Constants.callBackHandlerKey)
    let configuration = WKWebViewConfiguration()
    configuration.userContentController = userController
    
    // Default WebView Setting
    self.webView = WKWebView(frame:self.safeAreaContainerView.bounds, configuration: configuration)
    self.webView.navigationDelegate = self
    self.webView.uiDelegate = self
    self.webView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    
    self.safeAreaContainerView.addSubview(self.webView)
    
    // WKWebView Layout Setting
    // Constraints like "UIWebView" are set.
    // This is a sample. If you are developing, use a library called "SnapKit".
    // https://github.com/SnapKit/SnapKit
    let margins = safeAreaContainerView.layoutMarginsGuide
    webView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.topAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
}

.. (중략) ..

// MARK: - WKScriptMessageHandler
extension WebViewBridgeViewController : WKScriptMessageHandler {
    //MARK:- HERE!!!
func userContentController(_ userContentController: WKUserContentController, didReceive message: WKScriptMessage) {
      print("message.name:\(message.name)")
      if message.name == Constants.callBackHandlerKey {
          print("message.body:\(message.body)")

          // Just TEST CallBack
          if let dictionary = message.body as? Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
              print(dictionary)
              var popupPrintString = ""
              dictionary.forEach { (key, value) in
                  popupPrintString += "\(key):\(value) "
              }
              // call back!
              self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: "javascript:testCallBack('\(popupPrintString)');")
          } else {
              // call back!
              self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: "javascript:testCallBack('\(String(describing:message.body))');")
          }

          // popup!
//            self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: "javascript:test01();")

      }
  }
}

.. (중략) ..

2. URL의 Scheme를 이용해서 처리하는 방식

  • 테스트를 위한 HTML 파일 : sampleScheme.html

    <html lang="ko">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>

<script type="text/javascript">
    //alert(2)

   function callNative01() {
       window.location = "nativeScheme://testHost";
   }

    function test02() {
        alert('test02');
    }

    function testCallBack(message) {
        alert(message);
    }
</script>
<body>
<h1> <a href="javascript:test02();">Test Click</a> </h1> <br /><br />

<h1> <a href="javascript:callNative01();">CallNative 01 Click</a> </h1> <br /><br />


<h1> This is a sample file created to test a simple "WebView".<br /></h1>
<h1> Modify this file to test the "WebView" content.<br /></h1>
</body>
</html>

  • swift code 처리 부분 : WebViewSchemesViewController.swift ← 자세한것은 클릭해서 코드를 보세요.

    .. (중략) ..

private struct Constants {
    static let schemeKey = "nativeScheme"
}

.. (중략) ..

func setupView() {
    let preferences = WKPreferences()
    preferences.javaScriptEnabled = true // default YES.
    preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = true
    
    let configuration = WKWebViewConfiguration()
    configuration.preferences = preferences
    
    self.webView = WKWebView(frame: self.view.bounds, configuration: configuration)
    self.webView.navigationDelegate = self
    self.webView.uiDelegate = self
    self.webView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    self.safeAreaContainerView.addSubview(self.webView)
    
    // WKWebView Layout Setting
    // Constraints like "UIWebView" are set.
    // This is a sample. If you are developing, use a library called "SnapKit".
    // https://github.com/SnapKit/SnapKit
    let margins = safeAreaContainerView.layoutMarginsGuide
    webView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.topAnchor).isActive = true
    webView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: margins.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
}

.. (중략) ..

// MARK: - WKNavigationDelegate
extension WebViewSchemesViewController : WKNavigationDelegate {

.. (중략) ..

//MARK:- HERE!!!
func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, decidePolicyFor navigationAction: WKNavigationAction, decisionHandler: @escaping (WKNavigationActionPolicy) -> Void) {
    print("\(#function)")

    // Check whether WebView Native is linked
    if let url = navigationAction.request.url,
        let urlScheme = url.scheme,
        let urlHost = url.host,
        urlScheme.uppercased() == Constants.schemeKey.uppercased() {
        print("url:\(url)")
        print("urlScheme:\(urlScheme)")
        print("urlHost:\(urlHost)")

        decisionHandler(.cancel)

        // call back!
        self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: "javascript:testCallBack('\(urlHost)');")

        // popup!
//            self.webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: "javascript:test02();")
        return
    }
    decisionHandler(.allow)
}

.. (중략) ..

3. 공통

  • ViewController.swift 
    .. (중략) ..

extension WKWebView {
    func stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(script: String) {
        self.evaluateJavaScript(script) { (result, error) in
            
        }
    }
}