Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It is widely prescribed for conditions such as arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, menstrual cramps, and other musculoskeletal disorders. Available in both over-the-counter and prescription forms, naproxen is valued for its effectiveness in managing both acute and chronic pain.
The mechanism of action for naproxen involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes play a crucial role in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds that contribute to inflammation, pain, and fever. By blocking these enzymes, naproxen reduces the production of prostaglandins, thereby alleviating these symptoms.
While naproxen is generally well-tolerated, it is associated with several potential side effects, especially with long-term use. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as stomach pain, heartburn, and nausea. More serious risks include gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes, and kidney impairment. Therefore, it is important for users to follow dosing recommendations and consult healthcare providers, particularly if they have preexisting health conditions or are taking other medications.
Despite these risks, naproxen remains a popular choice for managing pain and inflammation due to its efficacy and relatively long duration of action compared to other NSAIDs. Patients are advised to use naproxen under medical supervision to balance its therapeutic benefits with potential side effects, ensuring safe and effective treatment.