03_Data_Types.ipynb

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      "name": "03_Data_Types.ipynb",
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      "toc_visible": true,
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    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
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    "language_info": {
      "name": "python"
    }
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  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
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      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/ekansh09/fmml2021/blob/main/03_Data_Types.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CPk9Hiozv8JE"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Basic Data Types - Integer, Float, Boolean, String, None"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FkdEec_QriO_"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_int = 3"
      ],
      "execution_count": 1,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "IJ6gUIS24QPb",
        "outputId": "2385d06a-e994-4483-98bb-9e0341402a28",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(some_int)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 2,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "int"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VTce7evQ0ZJ-"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_int += 4"
      ],
      "execution_count": 3,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "F9kJID_q4Vul",
        "outputId": "4d43d981-df53-4eca-e168-1636037f43de",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_int"
      ],
      "execution_count": 4,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "7"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tBmSj1-P0a52"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_other_int = int(5) # casting"
      ],
      "execution_count": 5,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Lmdkh7DI4d51",
        "outputId": "250fa281-027f-4645-a793-edde161d4121",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_other_int"
      ],
      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "5"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iNTYkoVX0dAF"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_float = 3.0"
      ],
      "execution_count": 7,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8893F0us0e8U",
        "outputId": "567916e7-628e-440a-cf31-ac749eaa630e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type (some_float)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 8,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "float"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8-XVO-4P4npP",
        "outputId": "635c3f1b-7989-4804-84a8-713c2b2cf45f",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_int = 3\n",
        "some_other_int = 8\n",
        "something = some_other_int / some_int\n",
        "type(something)\n",
        "print (something)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "2.6666666666666665\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Swz27lkw46p4"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_bool = False"
      ],
      "execution_count": 10,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1srLd0394-3g",
        "outputId": "f5a1bc2a-eedf-4771-d5ea-5b84ac00b8c6",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(some_bool)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 11,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "bool"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iVG3-KnQ5B2d",
        "outputId": "2d288be7-49cd-4c61-8b04-415e91242cbe",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_other_bool = bool(False)\n",
        "some_other_bool"
      ],
      "execution_count": 12,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "False"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9BaOPoPV5OWn",
        "outputId": "e04e7c5f-2c97-4649-f7d7-a442f6057b9f",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "bool()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "False"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1clAB1Wn5Qsy",
        "outputId": "b4a88996-f0b6-4b4f-9153-7c0e9b44a19a",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "bool([])"
      ],
      "execution_count": 14,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "False"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ikc1wSRs5TPD",
        "outputId": "07b021d2-f833-4f4b-872d-92513ad309d1",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "bool({})"
      ],
      "execution_count": 15,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "False"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YTfUKX2-5VdH",
        "outputId": "783da6e1-d6f4-4abe-d9f9-2d5748f8ca52",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "bool(())"
      ],
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "False"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "SfbHKsdH5Xq1",
        "outputId": "c2277a53-b208-44a2-a86f-0a95e89a75ff",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "bool((1, 3))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 17,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "True"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 17
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7bP-r-os5hTy"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_str = \"hello \"\n",
        "some_other_str = 'happy new year'"
      ],
      "execution_count": 18,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bKFczqox5nUc"
      },
      "source": [
        "merge_str = some_str + some_other_str # concatenation"
      ],
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rBqo7-ws5vw3",
        "outputId": "8ff0f578-60cd-4a52-c4c7-b9ef31679713",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (merge_str)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "hello happy new year\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "K29mB5kW6Bub",
        "outputId": "f5176540-10ee-458d-ebfe-b2039df7a2f0",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "for every_char in merge_str:\n",
        "  print (every_char)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 21,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "h\n",
            "e\n",
            "l\n",
            "l\n",
            "o\n",
            " \n",
            "h\n",
            "a\n",
            "p\n",
            "p\n",
            "y\n",
            " \n",
            "n\n",
            "e\n",
            "w\n",
            " \n",
            "y\n",
            "e\n",
            "a\n",
            "r\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zGEuwObI6mpi",
        "outputId": "06a9bece-fe52-4820-e379-d8b1b053a90d",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "for every_char in merge_str: print (every_char, end=\"\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 22,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "hello happy new year"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "icfeOEilxRpS"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Type Casting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "k4KUIUtMxkDs",
        "outputId": "5a487b4c-e7f7-4db8-ea3b-6a568e3fe925",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "i = 4\n",
        "j = float(i)\n",
        "print (j)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 23,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "4.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2emiqfVo2LXn",
        "outputId": "a92229bf-c4b8-4857-8dd6-7bd56c7aa6b9",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(j)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "float"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eKw6bw3T2UhB",
        "outputId": "0ec61145-6c47-4895-f951-9019bb8956e4",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "i = int(j)\n",
        "type(i)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "int"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 25
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "l0pRioZH2ZFp",
        "outputId": "0c69deb3-c39d-4d07-a95a-43563308bf37",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_str = str(i)\n",
        "print(some_str)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "4\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tLKkWWrA2fOa",
        "outputId": "978449c7-15dd-4ab6-c601-9c397266c0d4",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_other_str = str(j)\n",
        "print (some_other_str)\n",
        "print (\"the new string now is \" + some_other_str) # string concatenation"
      ],
      "execution_count": 27,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "4.0\n",
            "the new string now is 4.0\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BzvOEP7S3DM7"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_bool = bool(some_other_str)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Ezy9S--R3ILJ",
        "outputId": "6c18dca8-f7ea-417d-db62-7b9937b9f48f",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_bool"
      ],
      "execution_count": 29,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "True"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 29
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sIYTZKz11myP"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Set"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pUSDI8dcVz0m"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Set - collection of items which are not in any particular order and are not indexed. \n",
        "# Duplicates are not allowed in set\n",
        "# Constructor is set()\n",
        "some_set = {'a', 'c', (2.3, 3.2, 2)}"
      ],
      "execution_count": 30,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OQ6C43GzVAiZ",
        "outputId": "0a28b897-9f1f-4b55-bacd-13989e0a16ea",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 31,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{(2.3, 3.2, 2), 'a', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 31
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LtTv6v9rU3If"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set.update([1, 2, 3])"
      ],
      "execution_count": 32,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9LP1hydIUOpH",
        "outputId": "bbfedd0d-14bb-465b-ffdf-3280ac8014a8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 33,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{(2.3, 3.2, 2), 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 33
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fPA9CCQ8Q6IN",
        "outputId": "a8899b7b-0b30-471d-89d3-891b1e897b93",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(some_set)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 34,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "set"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 34
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4IZt6LPeVL3W"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set.add(5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 35,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xr8c_BjPVS18",
        "outputId": "dc8bca76-0580-48de-bb53-9dcb8f240e14",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set.pop()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 36,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 36
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Vo38o55yVaPV",
        "outputId": "53cd2a50-004b-4f08-e6bc-a2b64a62b12b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "for item in some_set: print (item)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 37,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "2\n",
            "a\n",
            "(2.3, 3.2, 2)\n",
            "3\n",
            "5\n",
            "c\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "F6yTElmsVhHO",
        "outputId": "fc38b5d1-281f-4431-a967-01b96fae7b07",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set.discard(3)\n",
        "some_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 38,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{(2.3, 3.2, 2), 2, 5, 'a', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 38
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1nSJ7F3OXVdK"
      },
      "source": [
        "# set - union operator\n",
        "some_set = {'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",
        "some_other_set = {1, 2, 3}\n",
        "new_set = some_set | some_other_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 39,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "o8Wbaj5EXgN5",
        "outputId": "4e6881ad-c3f4-4d23-d5b1-b6db88b15c30",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "new_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 40,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RftwibWYXqXM",
        "outputId": "83649bdb-6854-4700-b1c5-ec5ace6d6987",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set.union(some_other_set)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 41,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 41
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TOMRqxLqXt8F",
        "outputId": "141646ca-c92f-4a43-8489-611a5b1fa79a",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 42,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'a', 'b', 'c'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 42
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TsCFAP95Xvi7",
        "outputId": "e1c94002-f13d-40af-bc70-a73b4d14fd31",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "some_other_set"
      ],
      "execution_count": 43,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{1, 2, 3}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 43
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OjaEoS09X-UZ"
      },
      "source": [
        "# intersection - &\n",
        "new_set = {2, 3, 6}"
      ],
      "execution_count": 44,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iYspF8zbYLWC",
        "outputId": "3f11e61c-309e-45fb-8d43-3052c136163b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print(new_set & some_other_set)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 45,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{2, 3}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oUoeuL3QYcC6",
        "outputId": "14854322-80cc-49fc-b77f-65389723d797",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (new_set.intersection(some_other_set))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 46,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{2, 3}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j_gdIAq3xkhj"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### List (extended data type)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jPVlA4yXykkw"
      },
      "source": [
        "# List\n",
        "# A collection of items which are ordered. List is mutable.\n",
        "# Constructor is list()\n",
        "a = [1, 2, 3, \"hello\", 5]"
      ],
      "execution_count": 47,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RcAAcHcO4HVI"
      },
      "source": [
        "a.append('hi')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 48,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6aOeQG784Jmc",
        "outputId": "3812e5e7-c0d3-43c1-a956-f8203e6ad19d",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "b = [2, 4, 'next']\n",
        "a.append(b)\n",
        "print (b)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 49,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[2, 4, 'next']\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jhDrVLHy4ccH",
        "outputId": "ade04e8b-7a7c-4a10-f8e6-dbca1f42b23e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "c = a[2:4]\n",
        "print (c)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 50,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[3, 'hello']\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DMe9VFw_4xn1",
        "outputId": "9217cb10-4885-4a69-ce5a-2f338cd4c548",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (len(c))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 51,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "2\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rUQUC3pa4MhA",
        "outputId": "a0d1b2d4-c8ee-4644-8d36-4d01c86b43bf",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "a = []\n",
        "print (a)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 52,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "c0QOr__1103r"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Tuple (extended data type)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6zPu2iJs2crj"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Tuple - collection of items which are ordered but immutable.\n",
        "# Constructor is tuple()\n",
        "a = (\"hello\", \"how\", (1, 2, 3), \"you\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 53,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jQOy8m8j2gSo",
        "outputId": "9fa70b6f-cbd3-4a89-c920-3267ad98ffed",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (type(a))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 54,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'tuple'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NyRXLzGc403j",
        "outputId": "952d3d94-9d32-4fb3-f9b8-34e64c3e7419",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (len(a))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 55,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "4\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RXX7JrZXk8mW",
        "outputId": "e5ace14b-bc1f-4e16-cf2f-ac4c249b1d34",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "for i in range(0, len(a)): print (a[i])"
      ],
      "execution_count": 56,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "hello\n",
            "how\n",
            "(1, 2, 3)\n",
            "you\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mMUF7ZBz2gO0",
        "outputId": "c4934845-9dba-499b-b632-d4a4a4ff81e0",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (a[0])"
      ],
      "execution_count": 57,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "hello\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "56ure9QY2gLL"
      },
      "source": [
        "b = a[1:3]"
      ],
      "execution_count": 58,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Jauf9eI9kyBS",
        "outputId": "5633e83c-db59-4abe-e28b-af2cb0fa6159",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(b)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 59,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "tuple"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 59
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BJECFoFI28zD",
        "outputId": "b807067e-d8d1-48ef-8305-91f94c12613f",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (b)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 60,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "('how', (1, 2, 3))\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5gx8RJnq5GiE",
        "outputId": "e070148b-aaae-497d-ccdf-6220e4030a6e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (b[-1])"
      ],
      "execution_count": 61,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "(1, 2, 3)\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MjpzmtXBtjdE",
        "outputId": "868a6a0c-7d24-458e-cfe1-f766c2e11a1c",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "#using Constructor\n",
        "new_list = list(('this', 1, \"is\", \"fine\"))\n",
        "new_list"
      ],
      "execution_count": 62,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['this', 1, 'is', 'fine']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 62
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WtFeKcuL16MW"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Dictionary (extended data type)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kOrp2T1s6sCc"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Dictionary - collection of pairs of (key, value) which are mutable\n",
        "# Constructor is dict()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 63,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zDByZj8kWWxh"
      },
      "source": [
        "some_dict = dict({\"age\": 47, \n",
        "                  \"name\": \"Amar\", \n",
        "                  \"marks\": [23, 25, 24, 23]})"
      ],
      "execution_count": 64,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "cLsbT3Ovvug0",
        "outputId": "42fa7b97-039d-4745-9807-5956ed0dbcec",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(some_dict)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 65,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "dict"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 65
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j6uIEOVsvixp"
      },
      "source": [
        "another_dict = {\"age\": 47, \n",
        "                  \"name\": \"Amar\", \n",
        "                  \"marks\": [23, 25, 24, 23]}"
      ],
      "execution_count": 66,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0-RkMWtevneW",
        "outputId": "ec934a06-6cf0-4b26-f1a4-d006d3d3abd3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "type(another_dict)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 67,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "dict"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 67
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ScUuut2DRtwW",
        "outputId": "0bf52ab2-1a3f-4003-fdd6-66fa844faeba",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (another_dict.get(\"marks\"))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 68,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[23, 25, 24, 23]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Jr2ocM04wdwG"
      },
      "source": [
        "# update value against a key\n",
        "another_dict[\"marks\"] = [23, 24, 25]"
      ],
      "execution_count": 69,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5FLSAGzlxUMi"
      },
      "source": [
        "# adding a new key-value pair\n",
        "another_dict[\"gender\"] = \"Male\""
      ],
      "execution_count": 70,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3xFsIN13zS48",
        "outputId": "e9c46137-574f-457f-bd58-674810a2f043",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "another_dict"
      ],
      "execution_count": 71,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'age': 47, 'gender': 'Male', 'marks': [23, 24, 25], 'name': 'Amar'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 71
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lgNNC1V1zJ_p",
        "outputId": "e0f47d52-8009-4d15-bfe5-e4e1feec6403",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "# removing a key-value pair using pop\n",
        "another_dict.pop(\"gender\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 72,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            },
            "text/plain": [
              "'Male'"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 72
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zLcTq049y_7F",
        "outputId": "4e48b284-5cf3-4c41-ff55-af4a28163065",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "another_dict"
      ],
      "execution_count": 73,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'age': 47, 'marks': [23, 24, 25], 'name': 'Amar'}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 73
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "a5kPOWcJwSVy",
        "outputId": "c514f93e-de88-43ef-eb29-8bf65a684fe8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print (some_dict.keys())"
      ],
      "execution_count": 74,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "dict_keys(['age', 'name', 'marks'])\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "n6S0H1QCzvjY"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Python Identity Operators - is, is not"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9pBVi4a0z2q5"
      },
      "source": [
        "a = [\"some\", \"list\"]\n",
        "b = [\"some\", \"list\"]\n"
      ],
      "execution_count": 75,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "a_rsTrml6M1o",
        "outputId": "86edab87-8b0a-401d-e681-5127f55d668e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "if a is b: \n",
        "   print ('a and b reference the same object')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "   print ('a and b do not reference the same object')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 76,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "a and b do not reference the same object\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3Cf-mRXx6Olj",
        "outputId": "26f8c7a9-71cd-43da-f6f0-ecb764b29ab0",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "if a == b:\n",
        "   print ('However, the values of a and b are the same')\n",
        "else:\n",
        "   print (\"The values of a and b are different\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 77,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "However, the values of a and b are the same\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2E_co7_i6MbJ",
        "outputId": "1bdc0eb7-0c96-4d7a-c361-235ffbb7bf2b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "if a is not b:\n",
        "   print ('tested, they are indeed different')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 78,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "tested, they are indeed different\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sWA5Ii-BU7vA"
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JkZFcHU2z3OC"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### Python Membership Operators - in, not in"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CR8tAc1_rW11"
      },
      "source": [
        "a = [\"this\", \"is\", \"a\", \"new\", \"list\"]"
      ],
      "execution_count": 79,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UibZiI5e2cBj",
        "outputId": "ea36edf5-7589-4abb-c5a4-eed3d9b5ad3d",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "% time\n",
        "for item in a: \n",
        "  print (item)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 80,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "CPU times: user 4 µs, sys: 0 ns, total: 4 µs\n",
            "Wall time: 19.8 µs\n",
            "this\n",
            "is\n",
            "a\n",
            "new\n",
            "list\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "n_uiZE9CsPMF",
        "outputId": "31299f9f-c21d-4549-f73d-05efffd4f899",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "% time\n",
        "for item in a:\n",
        "  print (item, end=\" \")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 81,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "CPU times: user 3 µs, sys: 0 ns, total: 3 µs\n",
            "Wall time: 7.87 µs\n",
            "this is a new list "
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Zo1Ec35N2cgk",
        "outputId": "9e608077-6089-4788-f886-2ba4a081e437",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "if \"new\" in a: print ('Yes, matching item found')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 82,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Yes, matching item found\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5bieGXu5z9Qk",
        "outputId": "e52c9d55-1a9b-4f1d-aad3-8b33cb279480",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "if (\"list\" not in a):\n",
        "  print (\"Am I wrong\")\n",
        "else:\n",
        "  print (\"Am I right\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 83,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Am I right\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AbmcGntt-yTg"
      },
      "source": [
        "#### More Detailed Examples"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sH8rekL73ae4"
      },
      "source": [
        "1. [Python Variables, Data Types](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_variables.asp) and \n",
        "[Python Exercises ](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp)\n",
        "2. [Official Python Documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html)"
      ]
    }
  ]
}