MDEV-35693: Improve SSS column sizes

Resize SHOW REPLICA STATUS’s (more precisely, the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA`
table `SLAVE_STATUS`’s) columns to better match their possible values.

In particular, many text columns – namely `Replicate_` ones – could
overflow (read: truncate) if the data is absurdly (but validly) long.

mysql-test/main/information_schema.result

@@ -903,6 +903,19 @@ information_schema	PROCESSLIST	INFO
 information_schema	ROUTINES	DTD_IDENTIFIER
 information_schema	ROUTINES	ROUTINE_DEFINITION
 information_schema	ROUTINES	ROUTINE_COMMENT
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Do_DB
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Ignore_DB
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Do_Table
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Ignore_Table
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Wild_Do_Table
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Gtid_IO_Pos
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Slave_SQL_Running_State
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Replicate_Rewrite_DB
+information_schema	SLAVE_STATUS	Gtid_Slave_Pos
 information_schema	SYSTEM_VARIABLES	ENUM_VALUE_LIST
 information_schema	TRIGGERS	ACTION_CONDITION
 information_schema	TRIGGERS	ACTION_STATEMENT
@@ -1341,7 +1354,7 @@ table_schema='information_schema' and
 group by column_type order by num;
 column_type	group_concat(table_schema, '.', table_name)	num
 varchar(7)	information_schema.ROUTINES,information_schema.VIEWS,information_schema.SLAVE_STATUS	3
-varchar(20)	information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.FILES,information_schema.FILES,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PROFILING,information_schema.SLAVE_STATUS	10
+varchar(20)	information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.ALL_PLUGINS,information_schema.FILES,information_schema.FILES,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PLUGINS,information_schema.PROFILING	9
 create table t1(f1 char(1) not null, f2 char(9) not null)
 default character set utf8;
 select CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH from